South Sudan, a young nation born out of decades of conflict, has been grappling with the complexities of establishing a stable democratic system since gaining independence in 2011. Central to this endeavour is the organization of free and fair elections, which serve as a critical milestone in transitioning from a war-torn state to a democratic one. However, the journey towards conducting elections has been marred by numerous postponements, giving rise to opposition calls for reforms and actions.
The elusive path to elections
The South Sudanese people have eagerly awaited the fulfillment of their democratic right to elect their leaders through periodic elections. The Transitional Constitution of South Sudan, adopted in 2011, mandated that general elections should be held within two years of independence. Yet, the nation’s political landscape was rocked by a devastating civil war in 2013, leading to delays and disruptions in the electoral process.
The Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) signed in 2015 brought a glimmer of hope for elections as part of the transitional period. However, the implementation of the peace agreement faltered, and the country witnessed a resurgence of violence, prompting the postponement of elections once more.
The need for reforms
Amid the postponements, opposition groups have voiced concerns about the credibility and inclusivity of the electoral process. They argue that holding elections without addressing the root causes of the conflict and ensuring broader political participation would undermine the legitimacy of the transitional government and perpetuate cycles of violence.
One of the key issues raised by the opposition is the need for electoral reforms. They advocate for an independent and impartial electoral commission to oversee the process and ensure transparency and fairness. Additionally, they call for the enactment of electoral laws that promote political pluralism and protect citizens’ right to participate in the democratic process without fear of repression or intimidation.
Dhieu Mathok Diing Wol, a scholar and member of the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement-In Opposition (SPLM-IO) led by First Vice Presdient Dr. Riek Machar Teny states that their group opposes the approach of elections in 2025, asserting that electoral campaigns are premature. “Instead, we advocate for prioritizing the completion of the Revitalized Peace Agreement’s provisions, particularly those related to the training and integration of forces into unified military and security organs, the formulation of the state permanent constitution, and the establishment of institutions to supervise elections, such as the General Elections Commission, the Political Parties Council, and the Constitutional Court,” Mathok, who also serves as the Minister for Investment in the Transitional Government of National Unity (TGoNU
Transitional Government’s Dilemma
The TGoNU faces a delicate balancing act in navigating the complexities of the electoral process. On the one hand, the government must fulfill its commitment to hold elections as part of the peace agreement and demonstrate progress towards democratization. On the other hand, it must address the legitimate concerns raised by the opposition and civil society to ensure a credible and inclusive electoral process.
Postponing elections multiple times has not only fueled opposition discontent but has also eroded public trust in the government’s ability to deliver on its promises. For the government, it is crucial to strike a delicate balance between adhering to the peace agreement’s timeline and undertaking meaningful reforms to build confidence in the electoral process.
Tackling the challenges ahead
To move forward on the path to elections and a sustainable democratic transition, South Sudan must confront its challenges head-on. Mathok opines that the government should prioritize inclusivity and dialogue by engaging in what he terms as genuine dialogue with opposition groups and civil society to address their concerns and forge consensus on electoral reforms. “A more inclusive approach can help build trust and foster a sense of ownership over the electoral process,” Mathok told this website in an exclusive interview.
He also points out the need for electoral reforms, stating that the government needs to implement key electoral reforms, including the establishment of an independent electoral commission and the enactment of electoral laws that uphold democratic principles and protect citizens’ rights.
Another challenge that the scholar sees is the need to create a conducive environment for elections by continuing efforts to disarm and demobilize armed groups, ensuring the safety of citizens, and promoting reconciliation.
He further states that the government should seek assistance and support from the international community in the areas of technical expertise, capacity-building, and funding to bolster the electoral process.
“The journey towards democratic elections in South Sudan has been fraught with challenges, leading to multiple postponements and opposition calls for reforms. While the Transitional Government faces a daunting task, it must prioritize inclusivity, dialogue, and electoral reforms to build confidence in the electoral process and ensure a credible and transparent transition to democracy. With steadfast commitment and international support, South Sudan can pave the way for a brighter future, where the voices of its citizens resonate through free and fair elections,” Mathok says.
